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GyanMul Prep · NEB +2 · Science · Grade 12

Chemistry (Science, Grade 12)

Everything on these tabs is Chemistry (Science, Grade 12) only, within NEB +2 Science · Grade 12.

Chapter 4 of 21 · Chemistry (Science, Grade 12)

Thermodynamics

8 topics
Board exam — Physical chemistry, 22 marks across 5 chapters
2 solved questions

The book-keeping of energy in a reaction: the first law and enthalpy, Hess's law and the heats it lets you calculate without measuring, then entropy and the free energy that decides whether a reaction goes at all.

Practise this chapter Read solved questions

Topics

What the syllabus defines for this chapter

1System, surroundings, state functions and thermodynamic processes
2First law of thermodynamics; internal energy and enthalpy
3Enthalpy of formation, combustion, neutralisation and solution
4Hess's law of constant heat summation and its applications
5Bond enthalpy and its use in calculating heat of reaction
6Spontaneity; entropy and the second law
7Gibbs free energy and the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation
8Numerical problems on enthalpy, entropy and free energy change

GyanMul Prep · NEB +2 · Science · Grade 12

Chemistry (Science, Grade 12)

Everything on these tabs is Chemistry (Science, Grade 12) only, within NEB +2 Science · Grade 12.

Science · Grade 12 subjects

Chapter 4 of 21 · Chemistry (Science, Grade 12)

Thermodynamics

8 topics
Board exam — Physical chemistry, 22 marks across 5 chapters
2 solved questions

The book-keeping of energy in a reaction: the first law and enthalpy, Hess's law and the heats it lets you calculate without measuring, then entropy and the free energy that decides whether a reaction goes at all.

Practise this chapter Read solved questions

Topics

What the syllabus defines for this chapter

1System, surroundings, state functions and thermodynamic processes
2First law of thermodynamics; internal energy and enthalpy
3Enthalpy of formation, combustion, neutralisation and solution
4Hess's law of constant heat summation and its applications
5Bond enthalpy and its use in calculating heat of reaction
6Spontaneity; entropy and the second law
7Gibbs free energy and the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation
8Numerical problems on enthalpy, entropy and free energy change